.Open My Computer Languages Page
. General Resources on Languages
(search for languages): Some useful places to start a search for information on computer languages.
.Box
 Places to try out code
-- BASIC Pascal Perl C++:
.See http://www.codeide.com/
-- C, C++, D, Python,...
.See http://codepad.org/
 Google groups often discuss languages...
.See http://groups.google.com/groups/
Usenet Newsgroups (Hint: find the right group and search for "FAQ")

(GoStats programming Language resources): links to documentation on Awk..Tcl
.See http://gostats.com/resources/computer-programming.html
(Thanks to Sarah Wahlberg).

(Resources for Programming Languages): 
.See http://www.guidetocomputertraining.com/library/programming-languages-basics
(with thanks to Cate Newton, Content Manager, SR Education Group).

(comp.lang): group
.See http://groups.google.com/groups?hl=en&lr=&ie=UTF-8&group=comp.lang
(Programming language), 
(comp.software-eng): group
.See http://groups.google.com/groups?hl=en&lr=&ie=UTF-8&group=comp.software-eng
(Software development), 
(comp.text): group
.See http://groups.google.com/groups?hl=en&lr=&ie=UTF-8&group=comp.text
(Markup languages), 
(comp.infosystems.www.authoring): group
.See http://groups.google.com/groups?hl=en&lr=&ie=UTF-8&group=comp.infosystems.www.authoring
(WWW Languages),
(comp.specification): group
.See http://groups.google.com/groups?hl=en&lr=&ie=UTF-8&group=comp.specification
(Larch, Z, miscellaneous specification languages)
(comp.object): group
.See http://groups.google.com/groups?hl=en&lr=&ie=UTF-8&group=comp.object
(CORBA and other Object-oriented stuff)

(Languages -- TIOBE Index): popularity of languages
.See http://www.tiobe.com/index.php/content/paperinfo/tpci/index.html

 FAST Search "Programming Language"
.See http://www.alltheweb.com/search?cat=web&cs=utf-8&q=%22Programming+Language%22&_sb_lang=en
(add your language to the search box at the top of the page).
.Close.Box

A Glossary of terms
(glossary): 
.See http://www/dick/samples/languages.glossary.html

General Resources:
.See http://dmoz.org/Computers/Programming/Languages/
.See http://cuiwww.unige.ch/langlist/
.See http://www.utu.fi:80/~sisasa/oasis/
.See http://www.utu.fi/~sisasa/oasis/alternate.html
(Esoteric Programming Languages Ring):languages 
.See http://homepage.eircom.net/~kmgaughan/esolang/index.html

(Gary Leavens's Home Page ): home 
.See http://www.cs.iastate.edu/~leavens/homepage.html
...and his literature recommendations
.See http://www.cs.iastate.edu/~leavens/literature-recommendations.html

(The Incredible Wiki Wiki Web): wiki
.See http://c2.com/cgi/wiki?CategoryLanguage

(source code samples): Claimed to be the largest public source code database on the Internet:
.See http://www.Planet-Source-Code.com/PlanetSourceCode/

(99 bottles of beer in many programming languages): 
.See http://www.99-bottles-of-beer.net/

(History of computer languages): languages
.See http://www.levenez.com/lang/
.See http://www.oreilly.com/news/graphics/prog_lang_poster.pdf
(Big colored PDF)
.See http://www.info.ucl.ac.be/~pvr/paradigmsDIAGRAMeng101.pdf
(Diagram by paradigm)

(Museum):languages 
.See http://www.csis.american.edu/museum/sloan/html/default.htm

(Scripting languages ):  
.See http://www.equi4.com/jcw/scripting4.html
. Research On Languages
(Weird Programming Languages):
.See http://www.cs.washington.edu/research/research-samples/weird.html
(Esoteric Programming Languages): 
.See http://www.thefreecountry.com/compilers/esoteric.shtml

(Bibliography):
.See http://www.cs.monash.edu.au/~lloyd/tildeBIB/

(CS620 Programming Language Theory Postgraduate Comp Sci CSUSB):
.See http://www.csci.csusb.edu/dick/cs620/intro.html
.See http://www.csci.csusb.edu/dick/cs620/

(Imperial, college, university, IC, London, England, UK, Europe, Search): google
.See http://www.google.com/u/docImperial?q=programming+languages&sa=Search&domains=doc.ic.ac.uk&sitesearch=doc.ic.ac.uk
(SunSITE N. Europe language Archive):  
.See http://src.doc.ic.ac.uk/

(Chalmers University of Technology Goteborg Sweden):
.See http://www.chalmers.se/Home-E.html
.See http://infoseek.chalmers.se/query.html?rq=0&col=chalmers&ht=0&qp=&qs=&qc=&pw=600&ws=0&la=&qm=0&st=1&nh=10&lk=1&rf=0&oq=&rq2=0&si=1&qt=Programming+Languages

(Arizona university USA):
.See http://www.arizona.edu/
.See http://www.cs.arizona.edu/

(Brigham Young university BYU Utah USA): language research
.See http://www.cs.byu.edu/

(Computer Science Carnegie Mellon University CMU USA): (slow FTP access)
.See ftp://ftp.cs.cmu.edu/user/

(Evolution Genetics FTP): 
.See ftp://evolution.genetics.washington.edu/
at 
(University of Washington Seattle):
.See http://www.cs.washington.edu/

. Programming Technologies that use Programming Languages
(Ajax): Asynchronous JavaScript and XML.
AJAX is a popular new (2006-2007) technology that connects Javascript in the client to the server with the eXtendable Markup Language (XML). When possible computation is done on the client in parallel with downloading new data from the server. Most importantly the whole page doesn't have to be reloaded: just parts of it. For more details, see 
.See http:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AJAX
on the Wikipedia and 
.See [SerranoAroztegi07]
from the IEEE Software Magazine.  Some argue that JSON is a better than XML.

. Programming Languages
(An Introduction to esoteric languages):  
.See http://www.quetek.com/dictionary/random-programming-languages.html
(Ada): Languages
.See http://www.csci.csusb.edu/dick/samples/ada.html
(Adasoft):languages 
.See http://home.adasoft.com/
(Ada for C/C++ people):languages 
.See http://www.adahome.com/Ammo/cpp2ada.html

(Algol60): The Original ancestor of all tidy languages:
.See http://www.csci.csusb.edu/dick/samples/algol60.syntax.html
(And an imptovement over some of its successors...$HHOS).

(Algol68): Least said soonest mended.

(AlgolN):  A good proposal from Nippon for a successor to Algol60.

(B): The child of $BCPL and direct parent of $C.
.See http://cm.bell-labs.com/cm/cs/who/dmr/kbman.html
.See http://cm.bell-labs.com/cm/cs/who/dmr/bintro.html
and Dennis Ritchie's page
.See http://cm.bell-labs.com/cm/cs/who/dmr/
(Thank you Mark Huthcinson for this link).

(C): Developed from B... and went thru to incarnations:
K&R C and ANSI C, then grew up to become 
.See C++
.See ./c.html
.See http://www.csci.csusb.edu/dick/samples/comp.c.syntax.html
.See http://www.csci.csusb.edu/dick/samples/c.syntax.html
.See http://www.csci.csusb.edu/dick/samples/c.semantics.html
.See http://www.cis.ohio-state.edu/hypertext/faq/usenet/C-faq/top.html
.See http://www.computer-books.us/c.php
And $HHOS:
.See http://www.gdargaud.net/Humor/C_Prog_Debug.html
.See http://www.poppyfields.net/filks/00001.html
(Filk)
(C++): Child of $C.
.See http://www.csci.csusb.edu/dick/samples/c++.html
.See http://www.csci.csusb.edu/dick/samples/c++.glossary.html
.See http://www.csci.csusb.edu/dick/samples/c++.semantics.html
.See http://www.csci.csusb.edu/dick/samples/c++.standard.syntax.html
.See http://www.csci.csusb.edu/dick/samples/c++.syntax.html
.See http://www.csci.csusb.edu/dick/c++std/
(STL): The Standard <Template> Library(STL) for C++
.See http://www.csci.csusb.edu/dick/cs202/stl.html
.See http://www.Planet-Source-Code.com/PlanetSourceCode/
(D): the D programming language from Digital Mars:
.Box
 D was conceived in December 1999 by Walter Bright as a reengineering of C and C++, and has grown and evolved with helpful suggestions and critiques by friends and colleagues. 
.Close.Box
.See http://www.digitalmars.com

(DITA): Darwin Information Typing Architecture (DITA XML) 
.See http://xml.coverpages.org/dita.html


(ici): Quote: "ICI is a C-like, high level language originally developed by
Tim Long and placed into the public domain. ICI marries C's expression 
syntax, control structures and overall feel , with a dynamic, garbage 
collected, object-based, data model."
.See http://www.zeta.org.au/~atrn/ici/
Note.  Funny isn't that what 
.See C#
does?

(C#): Csharp or C-Hash? A Microsoft controled version of C++
designed to compete and beat $Java as part of the .NET
final solution. See news stories:
.See http://news.com.com/2100-1001-242414.html?legacy=cnet&tag=st
.See http://news.cnet.com/news/0-1003-200-2154069.html?tag=st
and a useful source of information:
.See http://www.functionx.com/csharp/index.htm
(FunctionX).

(Hungarian): A way of coding $C programs with explicit type information:
.See http://www.csci.csusb.edu/dick/samples/comp.prog.5_Hungarian.html

(Clojure): a dialect of LISP that runs on top of Java
.See http://clojure.org

(COBOL): "I DON'T GET NO RESPECT."
.See http://www.csci.csusb.edu/dick/samples/cobol.syntax.html
The only language to really help programmers handle money and traditional
record based data files cleanly and simply.

(COBOL User Groups COBUG): COBUG provides the COBOL community with a 
comprehensive web site that contains current references to COBOL user 
groups, compilers, code samples, COBOL jobs, and many other COBOL 
programming resources.  
We are committed to developing COBOL user groups and providing an 
information resource for the COBOL community. We currently have more than 
700 members and 12 user groups worldwide. The COBOL community benefits from
our local COBOL user groups, web site, forums, and peer support.
.See http://www.cobug.com/

Other links:
.See http://www.infogoal.com.cbd/cbdhome.html
.See http://www.cobolportal.com/
.See http://home.swbell.net/mck9/cobol/ooc.html
.See http://www.cobolostandards.com/
.See http://www.flexus.com/index.html
.See http://cobolforgcc.sourceforge.net/
.See http://www.csis.ul.ie/COBOL/
.See http://www.geocities.com/Eureka/2006/ring.htm



(COBOLScript):languages 
.See http://www.deskware.com/

(ASP Active Server Pages):MS rival for server programming: see $PHP and $JSP
.See http://c2.com/cgi/wiki?ActiveServerPages
(PHP): dynamic web pages, rival to $JSP and $ASP
.See http://www.php.net/
and Paul Conrad's
.See http://www.csci.csusb.edu/public/csci/pconrad/
Graduate Independent study
.See ./php_intro.html
of the syntax and semantics of PHP
(JSP):  $Java based scripting/markup language.

(Javascript): scripting on pages and servers
.See http://www.csci.csusb.edu/dick/samples/javascript.html

(Java): Compiled OO running on pages(clientside) and in servers
.See http://www.csci.csusb.edu/dick/samples/java.html
.See http://www/dick/cs320/java/
.See ../cs320/java/
.See http://www/dick/java.www.sites.html
.See http://java.sun.com/reference/docs/index.html
.See http://java.sun.com/reference/api/index.html
(P'Nuts Scripting language for the Java Environment):languages 
.See http://javacenter.sun.co.jp/pnuts/
(Java Certification Program):languages 
.See http://java.sun.com/100percent/solutions.html
(How to Write Bad Java Code):languages 
.See http://mindprod.com/unmain.html
(JavaPP: CSP primitives for Java Threads:Cooperating Sequential Processes):languages 
.See http://www.cs.bris.ac.uk/~alan/javapp.html

(Julia Language):  Matlab and R but faster...
.See http://julialang.org
.Box
Julia is a high-level, high-performance dynamic programming language for 
technical computing, with syntax that is familiar to users of other 
technical computing environments. It provides a sophisticated compiler, 
distributed parallel execution, numerical accuracy, and an extensive 
mathematical function library. The library, mostly written in Julia itself,
also integrates mature, best-of-breed C and Fortran libraries for linear 
algebra, random number generation, FFTs, and string processing. More 
libraries continue to be added over time. Julia programs are organized 
around defining functions, and overloading them for different combinations
of argument types (which can also be user-defined).
.Close.Box

(Pascal): Simple but powerful parent of $Ada and $Modular
.See http://www.csci.csusb.edu/dick/samples/pascal.syntax.html

(Scala): A Combination of f=unctional, oo, .... that compiles into JVM or .NET
.See ./scala.syntax.html
(local)
.See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scala_(programming_language)
(Wikipedia)
.See http://www.scala-lang.org/docu/files/ScalaReference.pdf
[PDF] 
The Scala Language Specification

(Smalltalk): First language hyped as object-oriented
.See http://www.csci.csusb.edu/dick/samples/smalltalk.html

(UNIX): The other operating system
(sh): $UNIX Bourne Shell
.See http://www.csci.csusb.edu/dick/samples/unix.syntax.html

(Eiffel): OO Engineer?
.See http://www.eiffel.com/

(FORTH): Designed to control telescopes but uniquely flexible and
efficient.
.See http://www.forth.org/
.See http://forth.com/starting-forth/

(FORTRAN):  the October Horse of Languages.
.See http://www.j3-fortran.org/

(GROOVY): worst name prize but looks like Java with fewer rules
.See http://groovy.codehaus.org/

(LISP): List Processing -- (functional (simple (powerful (fun))))
.See http://www.csci.csusb.edu/dick/samples/lisp.html
.See http://www.cs.cmu.edu/Groups/AI/html/cltl/cltl2.html
.See http://www.cs.cmu.edu/Groups/AI/html/cltl/clm/
.See http://www.apl.jhu.edu/~hall/lisp.html
.See http://www.cis.ohio-state.edu/hypertext/faq/usenet/lisp-faq/part5/faq.html(A flowering bed of parentheses in the Spring).

And see $Clojure.

(little b):  A biological? language (2008)
.See http://www.littleb.org/
sharing mathematical models of complex systems... for example
.Key ODEs
Ordinary Differential Equations.
Quote
.Box
Aneil Mallavarapu is the author and inventor of little b, and runs the 
project. Little b is based in Common Lisp and contains mechanisms for 
rule-based reasoning, symbolic mathematics and object-oriented definitions.
The syntax is designed to be terse and human-readable to facilitate 
communication. The environment is both interactive and compilable.
.Close.Box

(ML): Meta-Language
.See http://cm.bell-labs.com/cm/cs/what/smlnj/index.html
.See http://www.csci.csusb.edu/dick/samples/ml.syntax.html

(Mozart): See $Oz below.

(Occam): Eliminating all but the necessary entities we get a
very simple but powerful language.
Dr.  Gomez has sent me a link to a free and linux-based Occam:
.See http://freshmeat.net/projects/kentoccam/?branch_id=34824&release_id=104099Can be compiled to run on a network of communicating computers.

(Oz):  Multiparadigm Language
.See http://www.mozart-oz.org/features.html

(Scribble): Multiplayer graphic "One laptop per child"
.Hole scribble

(Scheme): Modernized $LISP
secure lisp:
.See http://www.inria.fr/koala/abaird/oscheme/secure.html
(scheme-48): Sample of $Scheme
.See http://s48.org/

(Prolog): Programming Logic
.See http://www.csci.csusb.edu/dick/samples/prolog.html
.See http://www.csci.csusb.edu/dick/cs320/prolog/
(Kernel Prolog - Open Source Project):logic programming languages 
.See http://www.binnetcorp.com/OpenCode/kernelprolog.html
(logtalk Object Oriented Prolog):logic programming languages 
.See http://www.ci.uc.pt/logtalk/logtalk.html

(Perl): Pathologically Eclectic Report Language and the engine that
drives a lot of the WWW
.See http://www.csci.csusb.edu/dick/samples/perl.html
.See http://www.perl.com/
.See file://www.csci.csusb.edu/dick/doc/perl.FAQ.txt

(Python): structured Object-Oriented...
(Notes on Python): 
.See http://www.csci.csusb.edu/dick/samples/python.html

(Ruby): structured, object-oriented, tidy rival to $Perl.
.See http://www.ruby-lang.org/en/

Here are some Ruby systems:
.Box
.See http://www.ruby-lang.org/en/downloads/
- interpretor (his best bet in my opinion, but to each their own)

.See http://www.erikveen.dds.nl/rubyscript2exe/
- 'compiler' with limited library (if it works for what he needs, I suggest this)

.See http://www.erikveen.dds.nl/allinoneruby/
- 'compiler' with complete ruby library

From: Andrew Murphy (CSCI 320) Comp Sci, CSUSB.
.Close.Box
(Modula-3): Grandchild of Pascal: exporting and importing for programmers.
.See http://www.research.compaq.com/SRC/modula-3/html/home.html
.See ftp://ftp.gte.com/pub/m3/linux-journal.html

(charity): "Charity is a categorical programming language"
.See http://www.cpsc.ucalgary.ca/projects/charity/home.html

(ECLiPSe): (ECRC Constraint Logic Parallel System) is a logic programming system
open for extensions, especially in the CLP area.
.See http://www.clps.de/html/reports.html

(LOGO): a tool for learning
.See http://el.media.mit.edu/logo-foundation/logo/programming.html
.As_is 		to logo
.As_is 		repeat manytimes [ typecommand ]
.As_is 		end

(LOTOS): 
.See ./LOTOS.html

(PEPA): Performance Evaluation Process Algebra
.See ./PEPA.html

(Linda):  A distributed n-tuple based language by
David Gerlernter, the Yale professor, was later the target of a Unabomb attack
.See http://tt.mit.edu/V117/N63/trivia.63c.html
.Hole

(Obliq): "Obliq is a lexically-scoped untyped interpreted language that supports distributed object-oriented computation." Luca Cardelli 1994
.See http://gatekeeper.dec.com/pub/DEC/SRC/research-reports/abstracts/src-rr-122.html
(Visual Obliq): Visual $Obliq
.See http://www.cc.gatech.edu/gvu/people/Phd/Krishna/VO/VOHome.html

(Legion): parallel processing, high performance, object-oriented, distributed systems, metasystems, wide area, gigabit networks
.See http://legion.virginia.edu/index.html

(O-plan): Open Planning Architecture
.See http://www.aiai.ed.ac.uk/~oplan/

(Mathematica): Pretty pictures of equations! But wait!  There is more!
.See http://www.wri.com/
Wolfram Research.


(APL): A Programming Language. Hundreds of mathematical/vector/array/etc operations
and primitive control structures.
Book: K. E. Iverson, A Programming Language, Wiley, 1962

ACM Special Interest Group: SIGAPL
.See http://www.sigmod.org/sigapl/
See also $J.

(J): Child of $APL.
.See http://c2.com/cgi/wiki?JayLanguage

(Erlang): parallel, concurrent, asynchronous message passing,
functional, applicative, FP, programming language definition, PLD,
.See http://erlang.org/
(Website -- books and open source)
.See http://www.cbel.com/erlang_programming_language/
(general)
.See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erlang_(programming_language)
(Wikipedia)
.See http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=-5830318882717959520
(video)
Website
.See [Larson09]


(Icon): goal oriented, coroutine coexpression generator, SL5, 
.See http://www.cs.arizona.edu/icon/
.See http://www.cs.arizona.edu/icon/www/index.html
Also see ancestor $Snobol(Griswold).

(Oberon): N. Wirth
.See file://neptune.inf.ethz.ch/

(Snobol): Based on Markov algorithms and string processing, and named as
a result of the paper snowballs thrown at people when the language was being developed, I hear
See child $Icon.

(BCPL): Basic $CPL, parent of $B, and so grandparent of $C etc.
A language where all data is 16 bits and that used a dot where C/C++ uses an asterisk.
There is a rich set of control structures inherited from CPL.
Also multiple assignments!
.See http://www.lysator.liu.se/c/clive-on-bcpl.html
.See http://cm.bell-labs.com/cm/cs/who/dmr/bcpl.html

(CPL): This ancestor of $C used the typographical doubled S section marker
to start blocks!  The meaning of the acronym was disputed.  Powerful
control structures and other statements. $BCPL was a practical system language
developed from it.... see above.

(Gwydion Dylan):languages 
.See http://www.gwydiondylan.org/
(Malbolge the Programming language from Hell):languages 
.See http://www.mines.edu/students/b/bolmstea/malbolge/index.html
(Universal Networking Language, Hiroshi Uchida):languages 
.See http://www.unl.ias.unu.edu/

(Tcl):  
.See http://www.computerworld.com.au/article/301772/-z_programming_languages_tcl

. Functional Languages
(Functional languages in Software Engineering):languages 
.See http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/hudak-paul.html
(Mercury is a new logic/functional programming language):languages 
.See http://www.cs.mu.oz.au/research/mercury/
(LINQ Language INtegrate Query): MS .NET anti-SQL
.See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LINQ
.See [Meijer11]
.See [Beckman12]


More?
.Hole

. Graphical Programming
(Piet): You code should look this pretty...
.See http://www.dangermouse.net/esoteric/piet.html
(Prograph): 2Diconic programming
.See http://msor0.ex.ac.uk/PrographFAQ.html
(CUBE): 3 dimensional logic programming by Marc Najork at SRC of DEC,
published in Dr. Dobb's Journal of Computer Calisthenics and Orthodonture
(Running light with no overbyte:-)
(TEMPO): My work in progress on Temporal Mapping
.See http://www.csci.csusb.edu/dick/papers/rjb9Xx.TEMPO.html

. Analysis, Specification, Modeling and Design
(DITA): Documentation Darwin Information Typing Architecture (DITA XML) 
.See http://xml.coverpages.org/dita.html

(LarchC++: Object-oriented specification techniques.):languages 
.See http://www.cs.iastate.edu/~leavens/larchc++.html
(ACL2):languages 
.See http://www.cs.utexas.edu/users/moore/acl2/acl2-doc.html
(Model Integration):languages 
.See http://www.modelint.com/
(MATHS): My own notation used for these pages
.See http://www.csci.csusb.edu/dick/maths/
targets understanding and modelling the problem before trying to solve it.
(SDL site):language 
.See http://www.sdl-forum.org/
(Spec#): Microsoft's Specification language for design by contract
.See http://research.microsoft.com/en-us/projects/specsharp/
with compilers (Boogie) and other tools that fit 

(UML): Unified Modeling Language.
.See http://www.csci.csusb.edu/dick/samples/methods.html#UML
.See http://www.csci.csusb.edu/dick/samples/uml.html
(2 Years after UML Standard Sinan Si Alhir):languages 
.See http://home.earthlink.net/~salhir/#theumltwoyearsafteradoptionofthestand
(Rational):languages 
.See http://www.rational.com/uml/index.jtmpl
(UML Dictionary):languages 
.See http://softdocwiz.com/UML.htm
(OCL Object constraint language):IBM Application Development 
.See http://www-3.ibm.com/software/awdtools/library/standards/ocl.html
(Z): Mathematical specification language.  Elegant but needs $TeX.
.See http://www.csci.csusb.edu/dick/samples/z.syntax.html
.See http://www.csci.csusb.edu/dick/samples/methods.html#Z

. Markup Languages
(Markdown): simplified mark up for documents
.See http://www.codinghorror.com/blog/2012/10/the-future-of-markdown.html
(HTML): Hypertext Markup Language
.See http://www.csci.csusb.edu/dick/samples/comp.html.glossary.html
.See http://www.csci.csusb.edu/dick/samples/comp.html.syntax.html
(SGML): Standardized Generalized Markup Language
.See http://www.csci.csusb.edu/dick/samples/comp.text.SGML.html

(XML): eXtendable Markup Language,
.See http://www.csci.csusb.edu/dick/samples/xml.html
Note compare XML with $YAML and $JSON for encoding data.

(DocBook):XML languages 
.See http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/
.See http://nis-www.lanl.gov/~rosalia/mydocs/docbook-intro.html
(Doing It With XML, Part 1 by Ken Sall):languages 
.See http://wdvl.com/Authoring/Languages/XML/Tutorials/DoingIt/index.html
(OpenMath):XML languages 
.See http://www.openmath.org/
(SVG XML based W3C Scalable Vector Graphics ):languages 
.See http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/
(a XML):languages 
.See http://www.xml.com/axml/axml.html

(TeX): (Tau epsilon Chi) -- For mathematical typography by Donald Knuth:
.See http://www.csci.csusb.edu/dick/samples/comp.text.TeX.html
.See http://www.csci.csusb.edu/dick/samples/comp.text.TeX.Mathematical.html
.See ./people.html#Donald Knuth
.See http://r2labs.org/tex.html
(LaTeX): A library and set of tools developed by Leslie Lamport for
Donald Knuth's $TeX markup language.  The following links
are from Ken Han at CSUSB:

(LaTex Tutorial):  
.See http://www.tug.org.in/tutorials.html
.See http://www.maths.tcd.ie/~dwilkins/LaTeXPrimer/
.See http://www.cs.cornell.edu/Info/Misc/LaTeX-Tutorial/LaTeX-Home.html
.See http://it.metr.ou.edu/latex/
.See http://www.andy-roberts.net/misc/latex/index.html

(LaTeX Software tools):  
.See http://www.miktex.org/2.5/Setup.aspx
(for Windows) and
.See http://ii2.sourceforge.net/tex-index.html
(for Mac OS X).


(rtf): RichText Format
.See http://www.biblioscape.com/rtf15_spec.htm
(Version 1.5)

(PostScript): Actually a page description language developed by Adobe.
.See http://www.tjhsst.edu/~edanaher/pslife/
(Conway's game of life in PostScript).

. Meta-Languages
Languages designed to be used for writing and talking about
other languages

(International Standard EBNF Syntax Notation):language 
.See http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/iso-ebnf.html
. Documentation -- Ways for recording data about software and systems
Darwin Information Typing Architecture (DITA XML) 
.See http://xml.coverpages.org/dita.html

My MATHS language:
.See http://www.csci.csusb.edu/dick/maths/

For more see
.See Analysis, Modeling and Design
above.
. Unclassified Languages
(VRML): Virtual Reality Modeling Language
.See http://www.csci.csusb.edu/dick/samples/vrml.html
(Checks Pattern Language of Information Integrity):languages 
.See http://c2.com/ppr/checks.html
(YAML): Wikipedia's excellent examples:
.See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YAML
(YAML Ain't a Markup Language): YAML.org
.See http://yaml.org/refcard.html
.See http://yaml.org/spec/
(JSON): JavaScript Object Notation
.See ./JSON.html

. Artificial Universal Languages
(Basic English): 
.See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basic_English
( < 1,000 words! )
(Blissymbol Semantography): 
.See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blissymbol
.Open Bliss42
 Charles K Bliss
 Semantography ( Blissymbolics) 2nd Edn
 Semantography ( Blissymbolics), Sydney Australia 1942
.See http://www.semantography.com/
 =ADVERT GRAPHIC SYMBOLIC LANGUAGE
 Dictionary of symbols
.See http://www.semantography.com/4/
.Close
Other resources:
.See http://www.blissymbolics.org/
(introduction to symbols)
.See http://www.blissymbolics.us/animations/
(Animations of the derivations of some symbols)
.See http://www.blissymbolics.org/downloads/bliss-rules.pdf
(Rules)
.See http://www.blissymbolics.us/
(USA)
.See http://www.crockford.com/blissym/
(introduction and fonts)
.See http://www.crockford.com/blissym/lesson1.pdf
(first lesson in Bliss)
.See http://www.omniglot.com/writing/blissymbolics.htm
(Intro -- one page of simplest symbols)

(Dutton Speed Words): 
.See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dutton_Speedwords
(Espranto): 
.See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto
(Loglan): 
.See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loglan
(Lojban): $Loglan's bastard
.See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lojban
(Shavian): Phonetic script for English
.See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shavian

. Pointers to Other Languages
If it isn't in
this index try searching my whole site
.See http://www.csci.csusb.edu/dick/lookup.php
my programming language courses
.See http://www.csci.csusb.edu/dick/cs320/lookup.php
.See http://www.csci.csusb.edu/dick/cs620/lookup.php
or my bibliography
.See http://www.csci.csusb.edu/dick/bib.php
or
the following search engines
(FAST Search): All the web all the time
.See http://www.alltheweb.com/?_oldhost=alltheweb.com
and
(Google search): of Usenet Newsgroups
.See http://groups.google.com/
. A Note on comments in Computer languages
Nearly all computer languages have a notation for embedding
natural language statements in the formal/meaningful code.
At the suggestion of itansan_oorun@yahoo.com
here is a quick list of some of the forms these take in different
languages:
.Table Language	Sample Comments	Note
.Row FORTRAN	C THIS IS A COMMENT	in column one, to end of card
.Row COBOL	* COMMENT	in collumn 8??, to end of card
.Row XLISP	; this is a comment	to end of line
.Row Algol 60	comment this is a comment;	+ another format
.Row Algol 68	I forget!
.Row Pascal	{ this is a comment }
.Row BASIC	'this is a comment	to end of line
.Row C  	/* this is a comment */
.Row Prolog	% this is a comment	to end of line
.Row C++	// this is a comment	to end of line
.Row Java	/** this is a doc-comment */	Includes C++ comments
.Row UNIX shells	# this is a comment	to end of line
.Row PHP	all of the above?	
.Close.Table
. Glossary
HHOS::="Ho Ho Only Serious", serious thoughts expressed using joke.
.Close My Computer Languages Page